Bali is famous for its vibrant temples with soaring, multi-tiered pagoda-like shrines called meru, but one temple stands out for its unique design—Gunung Kawi Temple. Unlike most Balinese temples, where shrines rise high into the sky, Gunung Kawi’s structures are carved directly into a sheer rock face, resembling ancient temples from Java, Cambodia, or even India. Nestled in the lush valley of the Pakerisan River in Tampaksiring, this sacred site offers a journey through history, mythology, and breathtaking nature.
If you’re looking for a temple experience that’s completely different from the rest of Bali, Gunung Kawi should be on your must-visit list. In this guide, we’ll explore the temple’s fascinating history, architectural uniqueness, spiritual significance, and practical tips for visiting, ensuring you make the most of your trip to this hidden gem.
The Unique Architecture of Gunung Kawi Temple
What makes Gunung Kawi Temple stand out from other temples in Bali is its majestic shrines sculpted directly into the cliffs. Rather than the towering, multi-tiered thatched shrines typical of Balinese Hindu temples, Gunung Kawi’s sanctuaries are masterfully carved into a massive stone escarpment, resembling the grand temple complexes of ancient Java or Angkor.
There are ten awe-inspiring shrines, each standing about 7 meters (23 feet) tall, seamlessly integrated into the cliffside. These striking monuments are believed to be royal memorials, honoring King Anak Wungsu of the Udayana Dynasty and his family.
The temple complex is divided by the sacred Pakerisan River, a waterway deeply tied to Bali’s Subak irrigation system, a UNESCO-listed cultural heritage. The layout features:
- Five shrines on the eastern side, positioned along the cliff, facing the valley.
- Five more shrines on the western side, accessible via an ancient stone bridge.
Each shrine is meticulously sculpted, evoking the grandeur of sacred royal monuments rather than the more common Balinese temple structures. Local legend even attributes the construction to the mythical giant Kebo Iwa, who, according to folklore, carved the entire temple with his bare hands overnight.
A Step Back in Time: The History of Gunung Kawi
Gunung Kawi is one of the oldest temples in Bali, dating back to the Warmadewa Dynasty of the 11th century. It was likely built during the reign of King Anak Wungsu, the son of King Udayana.
This was a time when Bali still had strong cultural and religious influences from Java, which explains why Gunung Kawi’s architecture resembles ancient Javanese temple sites like those in Yogyakarta and Central Java, rather than the typical Balinese Hindu temples we see today.
The temple was designed as a royal tomb complex, honoring the king and his family, much like the burial sites of ancient Javanese rulers. However, despite its funerary function, Gunung Kawi was also a place of worship and meditation, making it a blend of both a sacred shrine and a monastic retreat.
A Spiritual and Serene Escape
Beyond its architectural uniqueness, Gunung Kawi Temple is also an incredibly peaceful and spiritual place. Surrounded by lush rice terraces, jungle foliage, and the flowing Pakerisan River, the setting itself feels almost like a mystical retreat.
Balinese Hindus still use the temple for prayer and meditation, and visitors will often see locals making offerings, lighting incense, and performing rituals. Unlike Bali’s more famous (and often crowded) temples, Gunung Kawi retains a sense of quiet and solitude, making it an ideal place for reflection and cultural immersion.
The site is also connected to Bali’s subak irrigation system, which is a UNESCO-listed cultural heritage. The presence of water is deeply symbolic in Balinese Hinduism, representing purification and spiritual cleansing.
How to Visit Gunung Kawi Temple
Getting There
Gunung Kawi Temple is located in Tampaksiring, about 30-40 minutes from Ubud and around 1.5 hours from Seminyak or Canggu. The best way to get there is by hiring a private driver or renting a scooter.
Entrance Fee and Opening Hours
- Entrance fee: IDR 50,000 (~$3.50 USD)
- Opening hours: 8:00 AM – 6:00 PM
The Descent to the Temple
Be prepared for a bit of a workout! To reach the temple, you’ll need to walk down over 300 stone steps that descend through stunning rice terraces. The views along the way are absolutely breathtaking, but keep in mind that you’ll have to climb back up when you leave, so wear comfortable shoes and bring water.
Dress Code and Etiquette
Since Gunung Kawi is an active temple, proper attire is required:
- Wear a sarong and sash (available for rent at the entrance if you don’t have your own).
- Dress modestly—shoulders should be covered.
- Be respectful of worshippers and do not climb on the shrines.
Other Attractions Near Gunung Kawi
If you’re making a trip to Tampaksiring, consider visiting these nearby spots:
Tirta Empul Temple (10 minutes away)
Tirta Empul Temple, one of Bali’s most revered water temples, is famous for its sacred spring water, believed to have purifying and healing powers. Nestled in the lush highlands near Ubud, this centuries-old temple draws both pilgrims and visitors who partake in traditional purification rituals under the gently flowing spouts. The serene setting, surrounded by ancient stone carvings, lush greenery, and mystical energy, offers a profound spiritual experience, making it a must-visit for those seeking both cultural insight and inner renewal.
Goa Gajah (Elephant Cave) (30 minutes away)
Goa Gajah Temple, also known as the Elephant Cave, is a fascinating archaeological gem near Ubud, dating back to the 9th century. Its mystical entrance, carved into a rock face with menacing figures, leads to a dimly lit cave once used for meditation and spiritual rituals. Surrounding the site, you’ll find ancient bathing pools, stone relics, and lush gardens, creating an enchanting atmosphere. A visit here offers a glimpse into Bali’s rich history, sacred traditions, and timeless mysticism.
Tegallalang Rice Terraces (25 minutes away)
Tegallalang Rice Terraces, with their lush, cascading landscapes, are among Bali’s most iconic and photogenic rice fields. Carved into the hillsides using the ancient subak irrigation system, they offer a breathtaking escape into Bali’s agrarian beauty. Stroll along the narrow pathways, watch local farmers at work, or take in the panoramic views from a charming café. For an extra thrill, soar above the terraces on a traditional Bali swing, capturing an unforgettable moment in paradise.
Why Gunung Kawi is a Must-Visit in Bali
Gunung Kawi Temple is a hidden gem that offers something different from the typical Balinese temple experience. With its imposing rock-cut shrines, ancient royal history, peaceful surroundings, and stunning natural setting, it’s a place where you can truly immerse yourself in Bali’s past and spirituality.
Unlike the crowded temples of Uluwatu or Tanah Lot, Gunung Kawi provides a more intimate and tranquil experience, making it perfect for those looking to step off the beaten path and explore Bali’s rich cultural heritage.
Whether you’re a history buff, a photography enthusiast, or simply someone who loves exploring unique and peaceful places, Gunung Kawi is one of Bali’s most underrated treasures—and definitely worth the visit.
Final Tips for Visiting Gunung Kawi
- Best time to visit: Morning (8-10 AM) to avoid crowds and the midday heat.
- Bring cash: For entrance fees, sarong rental, and small donations if you’d like to make an offering.
- Stay hydrated: The stairs are no joke, especially in Bali’s humid climate.
- Explore at your own pace: Take time to soak in the peaceful atmosphere, rather than rushing through.
If you’re planning your Bali itinerary, make sure to include Gunung Kawi—it’s one of those places that will leave you in awe, offering a rare glimpse into Bali’s ancient past, far from the usual tourist trail.